“Mending Wall” by Robert Frost Essay

Robert Frost’s poetry is always simple and direct, yet strangely deep. Everyone can read into his poem but with different kind of expression. Frost has been discovering the world. He likes to explore relationships between individuals and between people and nature. One of his famous poems, ‘Mending Wall’, reveals his feelings and ideas about community, life and imagination. In New Hampshire, where Frost’s house was, there was a stonewall. This stonewall was the inspiration for the poem â€Å"Mending Wall†. It was here that Frost used to repair this wall with his neighbor Napoleon Guay, who always says: â€Å"Good fences make good neighbors.† In his poem ‘Mending Wall’, the persona and the neighbor are mending a wall that separates their properties. The most interesting statement in this poem: â€Å"Good fences make good neighbors† (line 25) is a paradox, which attracts our attention and lead us to further discussion on Frost’s intention to write this poem. Every winter, the wall fell down and every spring, the persona and the neighbor met together to mend it. It has somehow become an entertainment for them, as stated in line 21, â€Å"Oh, just another kind of outdoor game†. Later, the persona found that there were no reasons to mend the wall at all, and this arises to the central theme of the poem. The persona kept on questioning the reasons for mending since they do not keep any animals. In the poem, it says: Why do they make good neighbors? Isn’t it Where there are cows? But here there are no cows, Before I built a wall I’d ask to know What I was walling in or walling out, And to whom I was like to give offense.(Line 31-34) If a wall needs repair every year, it is not a good fence. Yet, it does make good neighbors because it brings the men together every spring. Maybe the neighbor’s father had this very same intention too. The two characters meet and know more about each other when they work on the wall together. This  explanation is quite ironic because the wall is meant to isolate them, but is also a common ground that connects them. And the persona’s words also possess some kind of irony in it because though he was somehow criticizing the neighbor for mending the wall, he was doing it too. As Rober Poirier claims that ‘The real significance of the famous poem ‘Mending Wall’ is that it suggests how much for Frost freedom is contingent upon some degree of restriction.’ If the persona is actually Frost himself, he is then subject to a restriction for what he wants to do. He has no choices. He suffers because he has to rebuild the wall with his neighbor every yea r. But the point is, if the neighbor could not feel that they were in the dark, there would be no possibility of light for both of them. In order to change the whole situation, the neighbor needs to think it over what’s the mean of having the wall between them. But still, the persona has very limited control to the situation. About Community†¦ â€Å"Mending Wall is about the opposite impulse which is to fence yourself in, to form relationships that are really exclusive.† (Richard’s book, p.7) ‘Mending wall’ is a poem about the world. It is about our community. The wall represents what we as individuals are blocking out. Frost questioned why the neighbor insists upon blocking their properties, though there are only trees inside. Maybe the man was just trying to keep out people, or even the world in order to feel more secure. The neighbor and the persona know that they have to rely on each other. But at the same time they are building walls to protect themselves. Here, the Chinese proverb â€Å"A wicked heart is unwanted, but a defensive heart is vital† can very well support their behavior. In line 21 â€Å"Oh, just another kind of outdoor game†, it suggested that since the outdoors game involves some kinds of rules, it also can applies to the situation that people must know the rules in the community and play the game properly. It is ‘the wall’ in our mind that acts as part of the rule in our  game and that ‘wall’ that has been taken for granted. Frost wants to break down the barriers set up by man and to make the community live in harmony. The barriers, which are represented by the ‘wall’ in the poem, are what kept people from questioning or even contemplating things out in every day’s life. These barriers are often subconsciously put up and strengthened by people in a society and they control one’s thought. Frost reminds us to free our thoughts from barriers and to help us eventually attain freedom. In line 20, the persona said, â€Å"We wear our fingers rough with handling them†. He asks his neighbor not to mend the wall anymore since it makes no reason for doing that. He wants to live in harmony. However, the neighbor says, â€Å"Good fences make good neighbors.† He thinks the wall keeps people honest but the only thing he is hiding behind the wall might be – fear.He gave himself an excuse that distance could guarantee everything. But â€Å"distance† can be easily been misinterpreted, as Mark Van Doren says: â€Å"Distance is a good thing, and so is admitted difference, even when it sounds like hostility. For there can be a harmony of separate sounds that seem to be at war with another, but one sound is like no sound at all, or else it is like death.† (33) To keep a distance doesn’t really mean to have to build a wall between the two. The wall here seems not quite necessary for the persona and the neighbor. In a community, a wall can act both positively and negatively. Negatively, it can act as a barrier that put off communication, trust and unity. Positively, it can guarantee security and privacy in nowadays’ society. In the past centuries people kept on building walls, both concrete and abstract ones. The former protects both their property and privacy, while the latter blocks away their trust and communications with others. One very good example of the building of wall that blocks people apart was the Berlin Wall in Germany (1961-1989). After the Second World War in 1945, Germany was divided into two sectors called the FRG (the west Germany) and the GDR (the east Germany). For 28 years, the Berlin Wall separated friends, families, and a nation. At least 100 people were killed at the Berlin Wall. So, what’s  the wall for? Is it really good to have a wall? For those years when the wall was there, relationship of people had not been improved but only hatred and grief had grown. About Life†¦ Robert Frost has written many poems about life. His poems contain topics on life choice, obstacles and gaps between people, such as The Road not taken, The Gift Outright and Come in. Reading his poems is just like â€Å"sucking the marrow of life†. He is a philosopher, but his ideas are lying behind his poems, not in them-but buried well in it, for us to guess at if we please. In ‘Mending Wall’, a barrier is discussed. It can be both psychological and physical. The father of the neighbor reinforced and insured a lack of communication so it resulted in the ignorance in the next generation. The neighbor is a perfect example of the product of these barriers. He does not really know why the wall is there, he never questions his father’s words and understands that the wall is really keeping him and his neighbor from having a better friendship. Frost describes the neighbor as follows: like an old-stone savage armed. He moves in darkness as it seems to me.(Line 40-41) The darkness is the ignorance that he has while mending the fence. This shows that the neighbor has limitation of thoughts. The wall restricts people’s sight and mental power without widening their insights that is why the neighbor is described as â€Å"an old-stone savage armed†. Their farm contains only trees, which would be enough for a boundary. There is no physical need for the wall, so there is no apparent reason for going through the trouble of fixing it every year. The neighbor repeats saying â€Å"Good fences make good neighbors† although he does not know why the wall is necessary nor does he know why it will make them better neighbors. Frost is criticizing the ignorance of the neighbor here. However, it is ironic that  self-righteous persona obsessively committed to the â€Å"wall building† himself. Maybe the main theme of the poem: â€Å"Good fences make good neighbors† does not only mean a good fence helps to make good neighbors because it can separate clearly their possession and one cannot interfere with others. It can vice versa be explained in the way the ‘good neighbor’ can helps to make ‘good fences’ because both of them will be responsible and willing to make their shared possession looks nice r. The poem suggests something about no matter how or where we live, the place will become smaller and more enclosed if we forget to explore beyond our own boundaries. When we go beyond our walls, we can be more comfortable by knowing others. The persona thought that the wall is not necessary. He is perhaps non-traditional, non-confrontational and desires to have a true relationship without boundaries that can divide mankind. Line 23 illustrates that: â€Å"There where it is we do not need the wall†. However, there might be a difference in perception about the wall affairs. The persona might think that it is a â€Å"wall building† but the neighbor thinks that it is just â€Å"fence mending†. To Frost himself, he thinks that a wall between men is terrible. From the first line in his poem, the â€Å"something† that made the wall fell might be ‘the power of love’. It reinforced the idea of â€Å"We must love one another or perish†. That ‘power of love’ doesn’t love the wall, for it is blocking people from loving one another. â€Å"The most important thing in life is to learn how to give out love, and to let it come in.† A wall is exactly the thing that prevents people from putting these words into action. The feeling of love is one of the basic needs for one’s life as this feeling influence very much our behaviors. A wall is a wall. No matter how hard the neighbor tries to fix it, it would not change its original implication and effect, that is, to block out people. Just as a German painter claims that: â€Å"We are not trying to make the wall beautiful because in fact it’s absolutely impossible. 80 persons have being killed trying to jump over the Berlin wall to escape to West Berlin, so you can cover that wall with hundred of kilos of color, but it will stay  the same†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Thierry Noir) About Imagination†¦ Imagination is the forming of a picture in mind in a creative way. It is human’s internal thinking. Imagination is always needed for creating a poem and when analyzing it. It gives us dream and a sight of the future. The more a person is civilized and educated, the more imaginative their minds will be. Every person (but more on poets and artist) possesses these qualities. Imagination is needed to work out the abstract ideas in our lives. Without imagination, we won’t be able to understand our lives because life itself is very abstract. In the poem, the persona made an imagination that â€Å"Something there is that doesn’t love a wall† (line1). That ‘something’ is an imagined agent who caused the wall to fall every year. It was left as a mystery. Frost led us to think who or what that ‘something’ is, and why it has caused the wall to fall, and later, bring to the argument of â€Å"Good fences make good neighbors.† The theme of the poem is that the persona thinks that no wall is necessary between his neighbor and his property. In the poem, the persona thinks that the neighbor seems to use the wall just for keeping the cones of the pine trees away from the apple trees. Frost made use of metonymy in line 24-26 to describe his feeling: He is all pine and I am apple orchard. My apple trees will never get across And eat the cones under his pines, I tell him. It means the persona is growing apple orchard while the neighbor is growing pine trees. Since they are only trees and not animals, they would not be able to get across to the other side to disturb each other. Frost mentioned this to reinforce his feeling of mending the wall is foolish. If imagination is applied in interpreting this part of the poem, I think these lines could also mean that the persona was comparing himself to an apple orchard, he is nice and he can bear fruit, and the fruit is sweet. The apple here may symbolize the persona’s thoughts and ideas, which is quite right and brilliant. The neighbor is compared to a tall, unbendable pine tree, which symbolize that he was stubborn and reluctant to change. The neighbor does not have individual thoughts and critical thinking, he only believes whatsoever his father told him about. Imagination makes impossible become possible. It also turns meaninglessness into meaning. In reading poetry, it should be open for interpretation instead of having one possible answer. It is people’s emotional state of mind that cannot be concrete or visualized. Poetry is dead because the poem is dead; it’s different imaginations and interpretations, which makes poetry alive. Robert Frost’s poem is easy to understand. It covers a large area of topics. The poem is easy and simple. Yet, if you drill more into it, you may discover that it contains many morals that enlighten you and help you to live a better life. As Mark Van Doren has said: He is a poet who can be understood anywhere by readers versed in matters more ancient and universal than the customs of one country, whatever that country is. (32) His intention of writing this poem is to reveal the strong message about love and unity, as in the song â€Å"The Internationale† has stated: Let no one build walls to divide us Wall of hatred nor walls of stone Come greet the dawn and stand beside us We’ll live together or we’ll die alone†¦

Overweight or Obese Students in Physical Education Essay

In this thought paper, a social ecological constraint model study the inclusion of overweight or obese students in physical education by integrating key concepts and assumptions from ecological constraint theory in motor development and social ecological models in health promotion and behavior. There are some issues about the ecological constraint model. Often, overweight or obese are considered relative to their physical inabilities and how they differ from their peers. Even worse, physical educators maybe negatively biased toward overweight or obese students. Greenleaf, Martin & Rhea, 2008; Greenleaf and Weiler, 2005) and may have stereotypical views of lifestyle behaviors, lack of individual control, outward appearance (Chambis, Finley, & Blair, 2004; Rukavina, Li, & Rowel, 2008; Rukavina, Li, Shen & Sun, 2010). Another constraint is obesity bias/weight stigma, often defined as the assumption that overweight people have negative character trait such as laziness, self-indulgence, or lack of intelligence (Puhl & Brownell, 2001). In parallel of this article, given the social acceptability of negative attitudes toward obese individuals, it may not be surprising to learn that weight discrimination is common in the United States. Weight stigma or bias generally refers to negative weight-related attitudes toward an overweight or obese individual. These attitudes are often manifested by negative stereotypes (e. g. , that obese persons are â€Å"lazy† or â€Å"lacking in willpower†), social rejection and prejudice. Weight stigma includes verbal teasing (e. g. , name calling, derogatory remarks, being made fun of, etc. ), physical aggression (e. g. , hitting, kicking, pushing, shoving, etc. ) and relational victimization (e. g. , social exclusion, being ignored, avoided, or the target of rumors). Many obese individuals report being treated with less respect or courtesy than thinner persons and being called names or insults because of their weight. Thus, weight stigma can emerge in subtle forms, or it can be expressed directly. Discrimination is distinct from stigma and negative attitudes, and specifically refers to unequal, unfair treatment of people because of their weight. For example, an obese person who is qualified for a job but is not hired for the position because of his or her weight may have been the victim of weight discrimination. Other examples include being denied a job promotion or fired from a job because of one’s weight; being denied certain medical procedures or provided inferior medical care because of one’s weight; or being denied a scholarship, a bank loan or prevented from renting or buying a home because of one’s weight. Despite the increasing prevalence of obesity, it appears that incidences of weight discrimination are only becoming worse. (Puhl, R. M. , Andreyeva, T. , & Brownell, K. D; 2008).

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Andrea Jung Ceo of Avon Essay Example for Free

Andrea Jung Ceo of Avon Essay Andrea Jung CEO of Avon By: Theresa Bell Andrea Jung CEO of Avon Abstract Andrea Jung has had many executive positions during her career as a vice president, merchandising manager, general merchandising manager, senior vice president and general merchandising manager, executive vice president and is now Avons CEO, a Fortune 500 company, and has been for almost the last decade. She is Avons first female CEO since it began in 1886. Andrea Jung has introduced new technology to the company and a new line of make-up. The cosmetics are now being sold in 143 different countries brining its profits up 41%. She gave Avon a revamp when she took over gaining trust, reliability, and gaining a competitive advantage over their competitors. She used a low-cost business-level strategy to gain the advantage over the competitors. The way Avon sales their product has not changed it still sales product by a door to door method, but they used new technology to go worldwide making the company more profitable. In 2011 Avon profit has dropped 18% making stakeholders question Andrea Jungs business-style management skill today. Avon needs a new plan inorder to gain the advantage over their competitors and this leads the stakeholders to question Andrea Jungs focus on management. Theresa Bell Keiser University Ron Phillips/Principles of Management December 6, 2011 Andrea Jung CEO of Avon From the start, Avon embraced the revolutionary concept of women’s economic empowerment, and this continues to be the driving force for Avon. Building on this rich heritage is Avon’s broader commitment to corporate responsibility and the company’s role as a global citizen. Added to the core commitment to women are two additional pillars of Avon corporate citizenship: philanthropy and environmental stewardship, supported by policies and programs across the companys entire business enterprise to ensure that Avon holds true to its mission and vision. (http://www. avoncompany. com/corporatecitizenship/corporateresponsibility/index. html) Andrea Jung is the Chairman and CEO of Avon and has been for almost a decade, in 2005 she ranked number 5 in the top 50 most powerful women at the age of 48 years old (http://money. nn. com/popups/2006/fortune/mostpowerfulwomen/7. html ). Andrea Jung took over as CEO, after Charles Perrin had problems within the company serving as its CEO for only two years. In 1999, Jung took over as CEO becoming Avons first female CEO since the company began in 1886. Since Jung has taken over as CEO, Avon has gone internationally selling worldwide, instead of just being sold to American women. Jung started a new line of make-up directed at teenage girls and college-age women to build Avons revenue and to gain younger customers. In doing this Jung has taken Avon in a different direction, Avon is now being sold in 143 countries, women selling directly to buyers, and selling worldwide this has brought more business into the company making it a more profitable company. Since Jung started selling worldwide nearly 40 percent of sales are from South and Central America. (http://www. notablebiographies. com/supp/Supplement-Fl-Ka/Jung-Andrea. html). Avon is now being sold in Mexico, Russia, and Canada, taking the company into a more competitive market. Jung has brought technology into the company focusing on the product sold to gain an advantage over their competitors. In her first five years as CEO, Andrea Jung gave Avon a badly needed facelift. Revenues rose from $5. 3 billion to $7. 7 billion, and profits nearly tripled The business style she used was low cost. Avon had taken the advantage over their competitors when Jung took over as CEO in 1999. Jung was responsible for the profits almost tripling using her business style of management. Today Andrea Jung is under fire by the stakeholders due to a drop in sales. Avons sales have dropped by 18% leaving them to question Jungs business management style. The company is in need of a turn around plan to gain the advantage over their competitors. The company is under two different investigations to find out if the company bribed officials overseas from Latin, and China. Jung is working on a long-term plan to fix the problems that the company is suffering from today. http://www. appleinsider. com/articles/11/10/28/apple_board_member_andrea_jung_facing_scrutiny_at_avon. html   http://www. avoncompany. com/corporatecitizenship/corporateresponsibility/index. html   http://money. cnn. com/popups/2006/fortune/mostpowerfulwomen/7. html http://www. notablebiographies. com/supp/Supplement-Fl-Ka/Jung-Andrea. html   http://www. appleinsider. com/articles/11/10/28/apple_board_member_andrea_jung_facing_scrutiny_at_avon. html.

SAP Material Management Document

SAP Material Management Document Mission of the Statement The main objective of this document is to provide a Business Requirement document of SAP Material Management. This document gives a brief introduction about the various features of SAP Material Management Software. The document will give an explanation how this software could enhance the productivity of any organization and how to implement it to gain the maximum gains out of it. SAP is an enterprise information software which gives a cutting edge to any organization which uses it, so it is required to give the description of the same in brief. The information has been described in detailed in the following pages. Purpose of the Document The document would give brief about. The functionality of SAP Material Management with a brief description of the same The various features and characteristics of SAP Material Management which make it useful to the market. The document will guide through various aspects and pros and cons of using SAP Material Management. SAP is abbreviation for System Application and Product in data processing. SAP is the the third largest software provider in the world. It was founded by 5 IBM employees back in 1972 in Walldorf, Germany. SAP is basically an enterprise resource planning software (ERP) which is designed to incorporate resource management, manage data and perform process which are essential for business activities as in gaining and working around orders, billing of activities and HR management. SAP sits upon real time activity, It can be configured accoriding to the demand in the market. That is one of the most advance feature of SAP that it is very user friendly and readily adaptive to changes and requirements. This help in achieving the goal in a very short time period, as the customer needs and requirement keep on changing constantly hence this module is designed in such a way so as to accommodate the changes as soon as possible. SAP combines both time and cost and integrate all the data in a single module. Companies use SAP to keep up with their business demands. SAP MM known as SAP Material Management system. SAP Material Management works in the business activities as follows. A business course in SAP is labelled as Module. SAP Materials Management (MM) is a fragment of Logistics area and provideÂÂ   to handleÂÂ   the obtaining course of an organization from procurement. It compliments all features of material management (decision making, regulate etc.). It is the mainframe of the Logistics area which includes features like Marketing and Sales, Design Development, Plant Control, Project Feasibility, Warehouse Development and design which are very dependent on Materials Management module. Features of SAP MM The basic functionality and features of SAP MM system are: SAP MM module of SAP deals with material and inventory management Material Management module takes charge of the fact that there is no gap in the material which can hinder the Supply chain process in any company. SAP MM expedite the obtaining and material handling activities taking into account both time and cost factors. It works with detailing the material management (both the services and delivery output) modules of an identity with the focus on keeping up the efficiency, decimating various cost factors and improving the overall productivity and also be able to handle the real time changes. It works with the Procurement handling, managing the mater data for both the client and vendor, account recognition and evaluation of the various materials, Inventory management and invoice authentication, Material requirement handling and Planning. Benefits of SAP MM Most business associations need to deal with a procedure that starts with sourcing and acquisition of various types of materials and assets. In this way, from the time that such acquirement starts, to the time that the installment is finished, there is the need for a procedure that is proficient, viable and bodes well also. Also, this is precisely where SAP MM becomes possibly the most important factor. With such learning levels, a business association can appreciate: Better seller administration, Streamlined information stockpiling, recovery and use, Better buying systems, Smoother stock administration, Higher nature of materials assessment and Overall change in quality control also. Considering the way that low quality materials will cut down the general nature of the completed merchandise or items, each business association will in reality need to put resources into smooth materials administration forms. A portion of the advantages of SAP MM touch upon key viewpoints, for example, A superior comprehension of hierarchical structure, Better control over coordinations and receipt check, Clearer comprehension of various buy methodology, Forecasting materials prerequisites, Creating and utilizing MIS or Management Information Systems with particular reference to materials administration. SAP MM Process Flow The run of the mill acquirement cycle for an administration or material comprises of the accompanying stages: 1. Assurance of Requirements Materials necessities are distinguished either in the client offices or through materials arranging and control. (This can cover both MRP appropriate and the request based way to deal with stock control. The consistent checking of stock levels of materials characterized by ace records, utilization of the request point strategy, and anticipating on the premise of past use are imperative parts of the last mentioned.) You can enter buy demands yourself, or they can be produced consequently by the materials arranging and control framework. 2. Source Determination The Purchasing segment helps you recognize potential wellsprings of supply in view of past requests and existing longer-term buy assentions. This speeds the way toward making demands for citation (RFQs), which can be sent to sellers electronically by means of SAP EDI, if wanted. 3. Seller Selection and Comparison of Quotations The framework is fit for recreating evaluating situations, permitting you to think about various distinctive citations. Dismissal letters can be sent naturally. 4. Buy Order Processing The Purchasing framework receives data from the demand and the citation to help you make a buy arrange. Similarly as with buy demands, you can create Pos yourself or have the framework produce them consequently. Merchant planning assentions and contracts (in the SAP System, sorts of longer-term buy understanding) are likewise upheld. 5. Buy Order Follow-Up The framework checks the update time frames you have determined and if important consequently prints updates or expediters at the predefined interims. It likewise furnishes you with an a la mode status of all buy demands, citations, and buy orders. 6. Products Receiving and Inventory Management Products Receiving work force can affirm the receipt of merchandise essentially by entering the Po number. By indicating passable resiliences, purchasers can confine over-and underdeliveries of requested products. 7. Receipt Verification The framework bolsters the checking and coordinating of solicitations. The records payable representative is told of amount and value fluctuations in light of the fact that the framework has entry to PO and products receipt information. This speeds the procedure of inspecting and clearing solicitations for installment. Regular Tables utilized by SAP MM: The following are couple of essential Common Tables utilized as a part of Materials Management Modules: EINA Purchasing Info Record-General Data EINE Purchasing Info Record-Purchasing Organization Data MAKT Material Descriptions MARA General Material Data MARC Plant Data for Material MARD Storage Location Data for Material Pole Material to BOM Link MBEW Material Valuation MKPF Header-Material Document MSEG Document Segment-Material MVER Material Consumption MVKE Sales Data for materials RKPF Document Header-Reservation T023 Mat. bunches T024 Purchasing Groups T156 Movement Type T157H Help Texts for Movement Types MOFF Lists what sees have not been made A501 Plant/Material EBAN Purchase Requisition EBKN Purchase Requisition Account Assignment EKAB Release Documentation EKBE History per Purchasing Document EKET Scheduling Agreement Schedule Lines EKKN Account Assignment in Purchasing Document EKKO Purchasing Document Header EKPO Purchasing Document Item IKPF Header-Physical Inventory Document ISEG Physical Inventory Document Items LFA1 Vendor Master (General area) LFB1 Vendor Master (Company Code) NRIV Number range interims RESB Reservation/subordinate prerequisites T161T Texts for Purchasing Document Types Exchange Codes: RFQ to Vendor ME41 Raising Quotation ME47 Examination of Price ME49 Production of PO ME21N Products Receipt MIGO Receipt (Bill PAssing) MIRO Products Issue MB1A Physical Inventory MI01( Create doc) MI04 (Enter Count) MI07 (Post) SD Process Flow: The business archives you make are singular reports however they can likewise frame part of a chain of between related records. For instance, you may record a clients phone request in the framework. The client next solicitations a citation, which you then make by alluding to the request. The client later submits a request on the premise of the citation and you make a business arrange with reference to the citation. You send the merchandise and bill the client. After conveyance of the merchandise, the client claims credit for some harmed products and you make a for nothing out of pocket conveyance with reference to the business arrange. The whole chain of reports the request, the citation, the business arrange, the conveyance, the receipt, and the ensuing conveyance for nothing out of pocket makes a record stream or history. The stream of information from one record into another decreases manual movement and makes issue determination less demanding. Request and citation administrati on in the Sales Information System help you to arrange and control your deals. Exchange Codes: Request VA11/VA12/VA13 Citation VA21/VA22/VA23 Deals Order VA01/VA02/VA03 Conveyance VL01N/VL02N/VL03N Charging/Invoicing VF01/VF02/VF03 Procurement Processing To do with the business requirement all the organizations need materials. The Procurement process deals with the purchase of materials and taking services from various vendors. The whole Procurement activity should be facilitated so that it accounts for all the right measurement of the material accumulated at right time and at right cost. The procurement processing is further divided into following: Basic Procurement Special Procurement Basic Procurement Basic procurement is the activity of gaining or acquiring the services or material in the required amount with keeping onto account the cost and time. Hence the process of getting the services and equipment and supplies from the vendors in the right quantity and at right time is called procurement. The whole idea of Procurement I to strike the right balance for example: Organizations generally keep the inventory to a low as the inventory management costs are quite high but at the same time if there is shortage of raw material during production activity it can cost to the company a lot. Everyone always try to get the best price for any service but also balance between the product quality, vendor relationship and availability is also very important. Procurement Lifecycle Most present day associations acquisition take after some consecutive strides which are depicted underneath: 1.Requirement and Information Procurement: Acquisition handle begins with get-together data about item and its amount. At that point for required items and administrations, it is important to search for providers who can fulfill the necessities. 2.Supplier Contact In the wake of social occasion necessities one will search for the providers who can satisfy the prerequisites. In light of that citation demand or data demand can be reached can be made with them. 3.Background Review Once the provider is known item/benefit quality is checked, and any necessities for administrations, for example, establishment, guarantee and its support are examined. A few specimens of the items can be acquired for quality examination. 4.Negotiation A few arrangements with providers is made in regards to value, accessibility and conveyance timetable of the items/administrations. After this an agreement is marked that is a coupling authoritative report amongst provider and requesting party. An agreement will incorporate all fundamental data like cost and amount of material, conveyance date, and so on. 5.Order Completion Requested material will be dispatched, conveyed to the requesting gathering and provider is paid as needs be. Preparing and Installation of item or administrations may likewise be incorporated. 6.Consumption, Maintenance and Disposal As the items/administration is devoured the execution of the items or administrations is assessed and any subsequent administration bolster if required is dissected. 7.Contract Renewal Once the item or administrations are devoured or contract lapses and should be reestablished, or the item or administration is to be re-requested, organization involvement with merchants and specialist co-op is inspected. In the event that the items or administrations are to be re-requested, the organization chooses whether to arrange from past provider or consider new providers. The Basic Procurement is further divided into two subparts: Procurement for Stock Vs Consumption External Vs Internal Procurement Procurement for Stock Vs Consumption These two points gives the demarcation between the Stocks Vs Consuption: For Stock- A stock material is a material that is kept in stock. These materials are kept in stock once got from the merchant. The supply of this material continues expanding or diminishing in light of measure of the amount got or issued. To arrange a material for stock, the material must have an ace record inside the framework. For Consumption-At the point when acquirement is for direct utilization i.e. it will be expended when it is gotten, the client ought to indicate the utilization reason. To arrange a material for utilization, the material may have an ace record inside the framework. External Vs Internal Procurement Below given points gives the difference between the External and Internal Procurement External- It is the way toward securing merchandise or administrations from outer sellers. There are 3 essential types of outside acquisition by and large bolstered by the Purchasing segment of IT framework. One time orders are for the most part utilized for material and administrations that are requested unpredictably. For materials that are being requested consistently and in huge amounts, we can arrange manage the merchant (vendor) for evaluating or conditions and record then in an agreement. In an agreement you likewise indicate the legitimacy date. In the event that a material is requested on a regular premise and is to be conveyed by correct time plan, then you set up a planning understanding. Huge corporate associations may claim different separate organizations or organizations. Inside Procurement is procedure of getting material and administrations from among indistinguishable organization. In this way, each of these organizations keeps up an entire accounting framework with particular Balance, Profit and Loss Statements so when exchange happens between them it will be recorded. Unique Procurement Unique stocks will be stocks that are overseen contrastingly as these stocks did not have a place with organization and these are being kept at some specific area. Exceptional acquisition and unique stocks sorts are isolated into the consequent regions. Dispatch Stocks Material that is accessible at our store premises, in any case despite everything it has a place with the merchant (dealer)/Owner of the material. In the event that you use the material from dispatch stocks, then you need to pay to the merchant. Outsider preparing In outsider preparing, an organization passes on a business request to partner outer merchant (vender) who sends the products specifically to the client. The business request is not prepared by your organization, however by the merchant (vender). Outsider things can be entered in buy orders, buy requests and deals orders. Pipeline taking care of In pipeline taking care of, the organization needs not to request or store the material included. It is possible as and when required by means of a pipeline (for instance, oil or water), or another style of link, (for example, power). The material that is devoured is settled with the merchant (vender) all the time. Returnable Transport Stock The organization orders merchandise from a seller (vender). The products are conveyed with returnable transport bundling (beds, compartments) that has a place with the merchant (vender) and is put away on the client premises until they return it to the organization. Subcontracting The seller (the subcontractor) gets segments from the requesting party with the assistance of which it delivers an item. The item is requested by your organization through a buy arrange. The segments required by the merchant (dealer) to fabricate the requested item are recorded in the buy request and gave to the subcontractor. Stock exchange utilizing stock transport order Products are obtained and provided inside an organization. One plant arrange the products inside from another plant (accepting plant/issuing plant). The products are secured with an extraordinary sort of procurement request the stock transport arrange. Youll have the capacity to demand and screen the exchange of merchandise with a stock transport arrange. SAP MM-Organization Structure Association structure is the system of organization as per which business is led in each. Organization structure comprises of many levels which have relationship to some. Association structure is additionally alluded as big business structure. Venture structure is comprised of numerous hierarchical units having association with each other. SAP Implementation Guide At the point when customer buys SAP it arrives in a CD in type of programming. At the point when SAP is initially introduced, SAP has its standard set up that should be arranged by need of customer i.e. association. Setup of SAP programming like include fields, to change handle names, to alter drop down records and so forth to modify as indicated by working of your association is done through usage control known as IMG. IMG is the place we characterize venture structure and different settings that are required for working of SAP programming as indicated by need of an association. SAP IMG Path To do any sort of arrangement as per our association require the initial step is to achieve the execution (IMG) control screen. We can achieve usage control in 2 ways: Menu way Value-based code Menu way We can explore through the accompanying way to contact IMG: SAP Easy Access => Tools => Customizing => IMG => Execute Project SAP IMG Path Value-based code Best and basic approach to connect any SAP screen is TCode i.e. value-based code. Value-based code to connect IMG: SPRO (SAP Project Reference Object). Enter the Transaction code in order field and afterward tap on enter. SAP TCODE SAP IMG IMG screen can be connected quite recently by taking after the underneath steps: After SPRO, on the following screen tap on SAP Reference IMG. SAP IMG Next Screen will show up as takes after. This is the last screen from where we can do setups. SAP Display IMG Each association has some system or some structure is characterized by the entire business runs. Endeavor structure is the structure that speaks to an undertaking in SAP ERP framework. It is subdivided into different hierarchical units which for lawful reason or business related reason are assembled together. Endeavor structure characterizes different levels in an association. These levels are set by chain of importance. Every level has some particular usefulness connected with it, which combinedly portrays the working of an association. Likewise endeavor structure characterizes different authoritative units that are available in an undertaking. The Organizational Structure in MM comprises of taking after Organizational Levels: Customer Organization Code Plant Capacity Location Acquiring Organization Acquiring Group Taking after graph is one such authoritative structure which depicts the levels consolidated in an association. Customer being at the highest, trailed by numerous organization code, trailed by various plants, plants having different capacity area with their own particular or brought together buying associations. Customer The basic clarification of Client is as per the following: Customer is a business authoritative unit in R/3 framework. It has its own arrangement of ace information with autonomous table sets. As per progression, Client is at most elevated amount in SAP framework. Information that is kept up at customer level is legitimate for every single authoritative level. Organization Code The key clarification of Company Code is as per the following: Inside Client, Company code is the free bookkeeping unit. It is a legitimate substance that has its own benefit, misfortune and adjust proclamation. It is the littlest unit in association for which a total free record set can be reproduced. Plant The central clarification of Plant is as per the following: Plant is an authoritative unit inside an organization where exercises happen. A plant will create merchandise and makes products accessible for the organization. It is unit having fabricating office, stockroom conveyance focus or a local deals office inside calculated. It subdivides a venture in various viewpoints. Capacity Location The basic clarification of Storage Location is as per the following: Capacity area is an authoritative unit which really separates between various material stocks in a Plant. Capacity area is a place where stock is kept physically. Plant can comprise of different stockpiling area. All information is put away at capacity area level for a specific stockpiling area. Obtaining Organization The crucial clarification of Purchasing Organization is as per the following: Obtaining Organization is an authoritative unit under organization or plant which is in charge of acquisition exercises as per prerequisites. It is in charge of outside Procurement. Obtaining association can be at customer level i.e. brought together buying association. Obtaining association can be at organization or plant level i.e. organization particular or plant particular Diverse types of buying can be portrayed as takes after: Incorporated Purchasing Acquiring association is not doled out to any organization code it obtains for all organization codes having a place with various customer. Organization particular Purchasing Buying association is alloted to an organization code just, Plant having a place with the organization code can buy through this Purchasing association. Plant particular Purchasing Buying association is alloted to a Plant, just this particular Plant can buy through this Purchasing association. Buying Group The basic clarification of Purchasing Group is as per the following: Obtaining gathering is an authoritative unit which is in charge of ordinary acquisition exercises inside an association. It is a purchaser or gathering of purchaser in charge of obtainment exercises in an acquiring association. Prerequisite Analysis SAP MM gives usefulness to keeping up the accompanying expert information: Materials Administrations Merchants Acquiring Info Records Source List Merchant Evaluation Criteria Conditions (Commercial) Installment Terms Proposed Business Process: Materials: The material doc contains data on every one of the materials that an organization acquires or delivers, stores, and offers. It is the organizations focal hotspot for recovering material-particular information. This data is put away in individual material ace records. The material master is utilized by all parts in the SAP Logistics System. The incorporation of every material dat in a solitary database protest kills repetitive information stockpiling. In the SAP Logistics System, the information contained in the material ace is required, for instance, for the accompanying capacities: In Purchasing for requesting In Inventory Management for products development postings and physical stock In Invoice Verification for posting solicitations In Sales and Distribution for deals arrange preparing In Production Planning and Control for material prerequisites arranging, booking, and work planning Vendor Master Benefit ace records, in which depictions of all administrations that may should be obtained can be put away Vendor Master Information in merchant ace records controls how exchange information is posted and handled for a seller. The seller ace record additionally contains every one of the information you require to work with your merchants. The ace record is utilized in Accounting as well as in Materials Management. By putting away seller ace information midway and sharing it all through your association, you just need to enter it once. You can avert irregularities in ace information by keeping up it midway. On the off chance that one of your merchants changes their address, you just need to enter this change once and youre bookkeeping and obtaining offices will dependably have exceptional data. Buy information records You utilize this part in the event that you wish to store data on a merchant and a material as ace information at obtaining association or plant level. You can make obtaining data records for various acquirement sorts (standard, subcontracting, pipeline, dispatch). Source List The source rundown is utilized as a part of the organization of wellsprings of supply. It indicates the permitted (and prohibited) wellsprings of a material for a specific plant inside a predefined period. Every source is characterized by method for a source list record.

The Grandmother in A Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery OConnor :: Papers

The Grandmother in A Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery O'Connor The grandmother is the central character in the story "A good man is hard to find," by Flannery O'Connor. The grandmother is a manipulative, deceitful, and self-serving woman who lives in the past. She doesn't value her life as it is, but glorifies what it was like long ago when she saw life through rose-colored glasses. She is pre-scented by O'Connor as being a prim and proper lady dressed in a suit, hat, and white cotton gloves. This woman will do whatever it takes to get what she wants and she doesn't let anyone else's feelings stand in her way. She tries to justify her demands by convincing herself and her family that her way is not only the best way, but the only way. The grandmother is determined to change her family's vacation destination as she tries to manipulate her son into going to Tennessee instead of Florida. The grandmother says that "she couldn't answer to her conscience if she took the children in a direction where there was a convict on the loose." The children, the y tell her "stay at home if you don't want to go." The grandmother then decides that she will have to go along after all, but she is already working on her own agenda. The grandmother is very deceitful, and she manages to sneak the cat in the car with her. She decides that she would like to visit an old plantation and begins her pursuit of convincing Bailey to agree to it. She describes the old house for the children adding mysterious details to pique their curiosity. "There was a secret panel in this house," she states cunningly knowing it is a lie. The grandmother always stretches the truth as much as possible. She not only lies to her family, but to herself as well. The grandmother doesn't live in the present, but in the past. She dresses in a suit to go on vacation. She states, "in case of an accident, anyone seeing her dead on the highway would know at once that she was a lady." She constantly tries to tell everyone what they should or should not do. She informs the children th at they do not have good manners and that "children were more respectful of their native states and their parents and everything else." when she was a child.

The Representation of Racial Tension in Baraka’s Dutchman Essay

In the 1964 play Dutchman by Amiri Baraka, formally known as Le Roi Jones, an enigma of themes and racial conflicts are blatantly exemplified within the short duration of the play. Baraka attacks the issue of racial stereotype symbolically through the relationship of the play’s only subjects, Lula and Clay. Baraka uses theatricality and dynamic characters as a metaphor to portray an honest representation of racist stereotypes in America through both physical and psychological acts of discrimination. Dutchman shows Clay, an innocent African-American man enraged after he is tormented by the representation of an insane, illogical and explicit ideal of white supremacy known as Lula. Their encounter turns from sexual to lethal as the two along with others are all confined inside of one urban subway cart. Baraka uses character traits, symbolism and metaphor to exhibit the legacy of racial tension in America. The subway cart setting is an example of American symbolism. The eerie underground cart is an element of the play’s title; the flying Dutchman’s haunted ship, however, it can also be seen as the illustration of American society. The subway cart is a representation of an enclosed space where people are forced to interact. Regardless of race, gender and social class the urban subway cart is an area of social stimulation. Passengers often enter and ride anonymously, we see in the list of characters â€Å"Riders of Coach, white and black† are included in the dynamics of the subway cart set. It is a tight and confined space trapped with a random sampling of people at any given time. Baraka uses this setting as the perfect environment for two strangers to openly interact. A perfectly natural place to meet someone new, like Clay and Lula. A ... ... generations. Racial tensions have resulted in tragedies; Clay’s murder in the end of the play is a symbolic portrayal of an innocent man attacked for the color of his skin and nothing more. The art of theatre attacks the audience to consider these social issues. At the end of Dutchman the audience is left uncomfortable, shocked and left to piece together the role of Lula, Clay and the flying Dutchman subway cart are metaphors for problems greater than the play’s conflict. Works Cited Baraka, Amiri. Dutchman. New York, New York: Marrow, 1964. Print. 766-774 Du Bois, W.E.B. The Souls of Black Folk. Rockville, Maryland: Arc Manor, 2008. Print. Kumar, Nita N. "The Logic of Retribution: Amiri Baraka's 'Dutchman.'" African American Review 37.2/3 (2003): 271-279. JSTOR. Web. 2 May 2012. .

The Environmental Impact of Off-Shore Oil Exploration and Production Es

Introduction The extraction of oil onshore has been ongoing for several decades. Offshore oil extraction is a process that began decades after onshore exploration had begun. For many years, scientists and the oil companies were certain that the exploration and production of petroleum from deep-water formations would not incur any sort of environmental damages. Several decades later, scientists learned new information from monitoring programs and research studies that offshore drilling did cause effects on the health of benthic organisms and other marine fauna in the proximity of offshore platform rigs. This paper studies the consequences of offshore platform rigs on marine organisms and wildlife from the perspectives of what causes environmental degradation offshore, the issues pertaining to marine life, and the detriment incurred by oil exploration and production (E & P). This paper begins with a brief explanation of how the oil industry works and how a well is chosen, drilled, and put into production. Subsequently, I present the four major externalities from offshore oil E & P: (1) drilling muds and cuttings, (2) waters, (3) chronic oil spills, and (4) possible socio-economic disturbances. The final section of this research study presents concluding remarks. Quick overview of oil Exploration and production Oil companies performing exploration and production services belong in the ‘upstream’ area of the business. Upstream oil companies such as Exxon, Shell, and BP, among others, lease the services from ‘service companies’ to perform the actual drilling of the well. Pride International, Halliburton, Baker and BJ are a few major service companies. Pride International performs drilling worldwide, both onshore and offsho... ...Milligan/Milligan_e.html National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration Ocean Report : Offshore oil and gas Available at url http://www.publicaffairs.noaa.gov/oceanreport/oilandgas.html Southward, J. A. An Ecologists View of the Implications of the Observed Physiological and Biochemical Effects of Petroleum Compounds on Marine Organisms and Ecosystems Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, Vol. 297, No. 1087. (Jun. 1982) Pages 241-254. Travers, B. W. and Luney, R. P. Drilling tankers, and oil spills on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf Science, New Series, Vol. 194, No. 4267. (Nov. 19, 1976), 791-796. UNEP IE and The E & P Forum (Oil Industry International Exploration and Production Forum) Joint Publication Environmental Management in oil and gas exploration and production E&P Forum/UNEP IE 1997.

“I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” by William Wordsworth Essay

I chose the poem â€Å"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud† by William Wordsworth because I like the imagery in it of dancingdaffodils. Upon closer examination, I realized that most of this imagery is created by the many metaphors and similes Wordsworth uses. In the first line, Wordsworth says â€Å"I wandered lonely as a cloud.† This is a simile comparing the wondering of a man to a cloud drifting through the sky. I suppose the wandering cloud is lonely because there is nothing up there that high in the sky besides it. It can pass by unnoticed, touching nothing. Also, the image of a cloud brings to mind a light, carefree sort of wandering. The cloud is not bound by any obstacle, but can go wherever the whim of the wind takes it. The next line of poem says â€Å"I saw a crowd, a host, of golden daffodils.† Here Wordsworth is using a metaphor to compare the daffodils to a crowd of people and a host of angels. The word crowd brings to mind an image of the daffodils chattering amongst one another, leaning their heads near each other in the wind. The word host makes them seem like their golden petals are shimmering like golden halos on angels. It is interesting to note that daffodils do have a circular rim of petals in the middle that could look like a halo. Later in the poem Wordsworth uses another simile, saying the dancing of daffodils in the wind is â€Å"continuous as the stars that shine and twinkle on the milky way.† This line creates the image of the wind blowing the tops of random daffodils up and down in a haphazard matter, so they appear to glint momentarily as their faces catch the sun. This goes along with the next metaphor of the daffodils â€Å"tossing their heads in sprightly dance.† Comparing their movement to a dance also makes me think of swirling, swishing yellow skirts moving in harmony. It is also interesting how the first image of the wandering cloud contrasts sharply with the second image of the dancingdaffodils. The cloud drifts in solitude slowly and placidly across the sky, whereas the daffodils hurry to and fro in an energetic, lively scramble. This contrast seems to show that looking at the daffodils made the author feel better than he did before, that they cheered him up. This idea is supported by the last line of poem, where he says his heart â€Å"with pleasure fills, and dances with the daffodils† whenever he thinks of them.

Helth and Saftey Childcare Assignment Essay

There are many legislations that influence healthy, safe and secure environment for early years settings. The Heath and Safety (young persons) Regulations 1997 states that ‘’Employers need to complete risk assessments for people under 18 years of age.’’ (Thornes 2008 pg84) It also states that if any hazards are the setting, then give them training that the student, trainee or work experience people may nee to do with that particular hazard. Another legislation is Health and Safety at work Act 1974. This legislation is the one that provides general guidance about all this health and safety and workers must have policies and procedures saying how the health and safety will be ensured and then follow these policies and procedures. Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH) 1994 is also part of the legislation for a healthy, safe and secure environment and states that a risk assessment should be done on hazards and make sure to store appropri ate as the COSHH regulations are. Reporting injuries diseases and dangerous occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR) 1995. E2 Describe the producers which will keep a child safe for each accident, illness or emergency. There are many procedures which keep children safe for each accident, illness or emergency and each childcare setting will have exclusion for illness policy. In my setting the exclusion policy states that all children should be excluded if they have an illness until recovered to prevent any one else in the setting getting infected. Any illness or accident will be recorded in the accident book and they do this in my work placement by writing down all the details of the incident or emergency. The child’s medical records must be checked, and where appropriate acted upon and then parents/guardians will be contacted to pick up their child. If parents/guardians are not reached, the child’s emergency contacts will be call up. In my work placement all staff follow this by carrying it out the correct way. Afterwards the child should be regularly checked to see if any think is more serious. One record copy of the child will be taken to the doctors to make sure staff deal with  any recorded conditions and then the staff at the setting can keep a record of it and keep in contact with parents/guardians. Every childcare setting will keep a record of the child’s symptoms and the actions; regular checks on the child and each time the action was taken. The staffs at my work placement setting always have copies if an incident or accident happens and make regular checks which they keep an up to date record of the child. On discovering a fire or alarm sound, the room leader should then gather the register, visitor book and nursery contact numbers. Nursery stuff will help get the children out the setting by evacuating the building from the nearest fire doors. Once left building all staff and children line up at the assemble point and when lined up the room leader checks register to check all children are present. Afterwards the staff and children must not return to the building until the building has been declared safe by the fire brigade. Once this has been done, the children and staff can return back to the setting safely. An example of an illness would be vomiting or diarrhoea. An example of an accident would be a child bumping his/her head. An example of an emergency would be a fire. E3 Plan the appropriate care of a child aged 1 for a full day in the setting. E4 Plan the appropriate care of a child aged 3 years for a full day in the setting. E5 Describe the issues that affect the planning of a challenging environment for children. There are many issues that affect the planning of a challenging environment for children. The first issue can be identifying children’s needs as this can stop the practitioner from being able to meet their needs in planning the challenging environment for them to be able to learn in, develop and take risks. The second issue can be equipment; is it safe and suitable because this is vital for the children to be able to have in a challenging environment and age staged appropriate equipment. The third issue that affects the planning of a challenging environment may be the size or layout of the area. The Forth issue can be environmental factors such as  temperature, safety, ect†¦ It will have an effect on how effective the challenging environment is. The fifth issue can be that is there supervision and enough of it. The sixth issue that affects the planning of a challenging environment maybe type of setting. The seventh issue could be consulting children as is it developmentally appropriate. E6 Describe the initiatives which influence the provision of challenging environments for children. + C1 Evaluate how two initiatives contribute to the provision of an enabling environment for children. A national initiative which influences the provision of challenging environments for children is Swedish school as they apply the Forest education approach. This national initiative influences provisions because children are learning in a different environment which has more outdoor and physical development on the children. They aim to let children explore and understand stuff in the woods and forest such as everyday products from wood. ‘’a unique way of working with young people in a woodland setting, helping them to achieve small practicable tasks, learning about fire safety, woodland management etc. It complements the Early Years curriculum in particular but also supports the 5-16 curriculum. Disaffected children, those with emotional or behavioral difficulties or exhibiting challenging behavior are all seen to benefit and can be â€Å"turned around† by the Forest School experience. Forest School particularly suits the kinaesthetic learner (those that learn by doing) who fails to achieve in a formal school setting. These children are immediately engaged in the tasks set as they suit their way of learning.’’ (http://www.infomat.net/infomat/rd741/rd1/database/Forest_Education/index.asp) A local initiative which influences the provision of challenging environments for children is Montessori such as The Oratory Day Nursery in Burnham. This local initiative influences provisions because children learn independently through tasks to meet their skill for their age without a ‘’long-term disadvantage in their gross motor skills’’ (Thornes 2008 pg250) They aim to make children do many activities which involve the children to use their hands. The Montessori approach is use in my current setting Oratory Day Care Nursery by having set activities for the children to choose from then let children do the activity whilst the practitioners observe and only interacts in the activity to give guidance. This approach also say that ‘’First education of the senses, then education of the intellect.’’ (Thornes 2008 pg250). E7 Explain the importance of helping children to manage risk and challenge in their environment. It is important for children to be helped to learn to assess and manage risk and challenge. It will be necessary for the adult to teach the child the skills he/she will need to learn about assessing and managing risk and challenge. The child can also learn to understand consequences of the challenge and risk themselves. It also teaches them, limits and binderies that they can take with them throughout their everyday life. Most importantly it teaches to progress in their education by developing and doing these challenges and risks with the adults help. In my placement I have seen this happen by practitioners allowing for the children to explore the garden for themselves and one girl was climbing up the little hill for the first time and slipped and fell over. This was a challenge for her because she had to get up to the top and her risk was that she fell but next time she will climb up the hill, she would know the risk and what may happen next time. ‘’All children both need and want to take risk in order to explore limits, venture into new experiences and develop their capacities from a very young age and from their earliest play experiences. Children would never learn to walk, climb stairs or ride a bicycle unless they were strong motivated to respond o challenges involving risk of injuries.’’ (www.freeplaynetwork.org.uk/adventure/manage.htm) E8 show an understanding of diversity and inclusive practice. Diversity and inclusive practise need to be understood and carried out in every childcare setting. Therefore each practitioner should remember to treat every child and their families fairly without discrimination. This can  be done by for example letting all children join in an activity and not saying they can’t play because of their colour, size, shape, disability, ability in activity. They should also not stereotype both the children and families that they work with. By doing this, practitioners can meet each child’s needs as an individual and are allowing for the rights of the children and their families to take place. ‘’Childcare workers are very influential in the promotion of children’s attitude and values. Children will take their cue from adult responses and reactions. Because of their powerful role, it is important that staff take issues of equality seriously and do not ignore them.’’ (Thornes 2008 pg93) In my current setting Oratory Day Nursery, all staff carrying out and understand diversity and inclusive practice by following the equal opportunities policy and enabling that each child gets the chance to develop, learn and play as an individual in the setting with the right to be heard and valued. D1 Explain how legislation can support strategies to establish and maintain healthy, safe and secure environments in early years settings. There are many ways that legislation can support strategies to establish and maintain healthy, safe and secure environment in early years settings. The most important thing that supports a healthy, safe and secure environment is having policies and procedures as this will help everyone in the setting to keep to the same rules. Having CRB checks will also support a healthy, safe and secure environment because they help protect the setting from any vunarble adults. Another thing will be regular body inspections to ensure the setting is following the policies and procedures and working to the right standards but also to see if anything may need improvement into better or is not good practise. Staff ratios can support strategies to establish and maintain healthy, safe and secure environment as without having the right staff the setting shouldn’t open. Training for many different things such as fire procedures will allow you to be able to put your knowledge and practise into your own work to keep everyone safe and secure in the setting. Having the right/appropriate resources is another way to establish and maintain healthy, safe and secure environment. The last thing would be you the practitioner yourself as you are the person who will enforce that all these legislations are done to protect the children, parents, staff and other professionals as well the setting. D2 Explain how establishing a safe environment can support the procedures necessary for accidents, illness and emergencies. Establishing a safe environment, should support the procedures necessary for accidents, illnesses and emergencies. Accidents, illnesses and emergencies cannot be totally predictable or happen through a risk or harm in an event. Many accidents occur in a work place and the main victim is a child. This is due to risks of injury and illness through lack of cleanliness, another sick child in the group, etc†¦ Injuries in a group can occur from the children not bringing adequate protection and not using the equipment the correct way. It can also be due to the work place itself because their many be mislabelled equipment, unsafe condition, faulty or broken equipment. However the accidents and illness can be due to the adult because he/she may have failure to follow the procedures, lack of tanning or worker error. Therefore all this needs to be followed the correct way in order to prevent any of this happening. It can be done by making sure everyone in the setting implements and understands the policies such as Health and Safety Work act 1974 or RIDDOR and procedure of the setting, make sure all illnesses and emergency are written, carry out risk assessments regularly, sterilise the equipment, throw away any broken or faulty equipment,, looking after children’s hygiene and insure the children know the rules. This will then creat and establish a safe environment which is safe and less of a risk for everyone in the setting. B1 Consider possible ways to maintain the safety and privacy of children and to respect their wishes. Ensuring a safe environment that allows children to have safety and privacy with respecting their wishes can be done in many possible ways. One example can be going to the toilet as this can make the child feel uncomfortable to go in front of his/her friends and having small toilets with cubicles will make them feel safe and give them privacy. The practitioner however should check to see if there is anything that can put the child at danger when going to the toilet such as chemical produces. When doing all this it allows  the staff in the setting to see over the chid and maintain the safety. In my setting I have seen this happen because when a child goes to the toilet there are small cubicles that adults can see child at any time and keep the safety and privacy that is recurred in any childcare setting. Another example can be when protecting the child such as child’s welfare. This would mean having all practitioners, other professionals, parents and students to be aware that they most not discuss any thing that is not relevant to others and keep any paper work confidential. I have seen practitioners in my setting maintain the safety and privacy of children and respect their wish by listening to them, valuing them as an individual, following the policies on safety, Every Child Matters and the CACHE Statements of Values to best practise. A Discuss the effect on practitioners of meeting the care needs of children. There are many ways of how and why practitioners may be affected when meeting the care needs of children and the support available. Practitioners may feel unhappy to see a child leave after a long time of care for them, grief if child in care dies or is badly injured, feel terrible if they do not get on with a child or the child is not progressing and have a sense of failure. They may also feel anxiety when having to tell a parent bad news or anxiety when a child has to have the social care services involved with them. There can be support given for all these things that a practitioner may be affected by to meet the care needs of children. One way can be by leading the practitioner the right way. Local education authorities can also give support by helping the setting out and working with them to help and develop the child at the best interest to. Another way can be by getting advice from support advisors. The last way they can be supported is by other colleagues and work together to improve the outcome and met the care of the Child’s needs more effectively. This will therefore result in making the child feel happy and enjoy activities or coming to the setting. It will also make child want to work with the practitioner and gain a better relationship. It can not only have an result on the children but also on the practitioner themselves because will feel happy or overwhelmed they are able to work with the child to meet their care needs and then have a better  positive communicating relationship with parents about their child to fit the care needs of that child. In my current placement, I have seen practitioners have an effect when meeting the needs of children and one example of this was the practitioner feeling upset, frustrated because this 4 year old boy who was unable to count his number after having taught him many different ways such as having him sing a song to learn to count as this was some think the boy liked doing. Reference: * Beaver. M, et al (2008) Childcare and education Cache level 3 Cheltenham: Nelson Thorns * www.freeplaynetwork.org.uk/adventure/manage.htm 26th October 2011 * http://www.infomat.net/infomat/rd741/rd1/database/Forest_Education/index.asp 26th October 2011 * http://www.extension.org/pages/25767/preventing-injuries-in-child-care 1st December 2011

Botox: Almost Trouble-Free New Faces

Botox: Almost Trouble-Free New Faces Synopsis The Botox case illustrates the accidental success of a product developed for an entirely different purpose. Originally, Botox was used in the treatment of crossed-eyes, but ophthalmologists quickly learned that it would also erase wrinkles and frown lines around eyes. It wasn’t long before doctors across the United States were using Botox for treating wrinkles even though Allergan could not promote the product for this use.The case discusses the advantages (fewer frown lines) and disadvantages and side effects (drooping eyelids and the need to repeat treatments) of Botox; explains what the product is; lists potential target markets; selling of the product at â€Å"Botox parties†; use of Botox treatments to attract customers to resorts; Allergan’s marketing of Botox once it was approved for cosmetic purposes and the use of Botox to support the new strategy of Allergan to become a major player in the pharmaceuticals ind ustry.It closes with the observation that the formula for Botox is one of the most closely guarded product secrets in the world—along with the formula for Coca-Cola. The case is especially useful for discussing added value and the creation of customer satisfaction.It raises questions about the difference between needs, wants, and demands; what constitutes value; is useful for illustrating the difference between a marketing oriented company (Allergan after Botox) rather than a non-marketing oriented company (Allergan before Botox); the potential benefits of marketing and raises questions about societal marketing (should Botox be promoted for cosmetic purposes? Should it be sold through parties? ) The case can also be used to illustrate relationships in the marketing paradigm—between Allergan and doctors, Allergan and final consumers and doctors, and final consumers.Allergan’s marketing efforts are two-pronged in order to successfully promote to both markets. It i s important for students to realize the pivotal role of the doctor in this purchase process in which consumers do not buy the product directly. Teaching Objectives 1. To illustrate the effect of publicity on product success. 2. To raise questions about the differences between needs, wants, and demands. 3. To challenge students to define added value and how it relates to consumer satisfaction. 4. To demonstrate the importance of target market selection (not just for women! ). . To illustrate the marketing of a pharmaceutical product and the importance of the doctor in the marketing process. 6. To illustrate consumer-oriented marketing. 7. To raise questions about the social impact of a marketing success such as Botox. 8. To illustrate the role that marketing plays in the development of company strategy. Answers to Discussion Questions 1. What are the needs, wants, and demands of consumers for Botox products in its dif- ferent treatment markets? What value does Botox deliver in each m arket? How does value affect the price for Botox?The use of Botox for ocular treatment illustrates a classic need. The consumer has a defect that needs treatment. When used for crossed-eyes, the product not only has strong physical properties, but social properties as well. Patients can see better, but they may also feel much better about themselves as their appearance improves. This can have a strong impact on their ego and social needs. Of course, this also illustrates wants. People with crossed eyes can still read and function. The want here is not that they will expire from lack of the drug, but that they want to look better and feel better about themselves.The value of this is undeniably high. What probably constitutes the major portion of the value are the social and ego wants. One can live without it, but does one want to? Because the value is high, the price can be high. But in this market, insurance reimbursements may operate to lower the price that consumers are willing to pay. After all, they don’t have to have the product. Although there is need, want is also high. Botox for cosmetic purposes is quite different. This situation illustrates want. We can all live with wrinkles, but we want to be rid of them. Want drives the purchase process.Given American’s obsession with appearance, the value of improving appearance would be very high. Again this value would primarily be ego (I look better) and social (others think I’m younger). And one would pay for it. As the case indicates the cost of Botox is quite high and unlikely to be covered by insurance companies for cosmetic purposes. The Botox example illustrates want and need are quite different and they affect value. Unfortunately many U. S. consumers place a higher value on ego and social wants than physical needs which accounts for the run-away success of Botox. . When Allergan sold Botox as a specialty drug for ocular problems, what marketing management orientation was it employi ng? When it sells Botox as a cosmetic treat- ment, is it employing the same or a different orientation? One could argue that Botox as a specialty drug for ocular problems illustrates the product concept. The focus of the company was on eye and skin treatments. Thus, it developed products within those categories and sold them on a product need basis to doctors. The success of Botox cosmetic has forced the company to become more marketing oriented.The company is now focusing on target markets and developed promotional efforts aimed at final consumers as well as promotion to doctors. The company has found a new use for an existing product that lies outside their tradition product focus. 3. When doctors treat patients with Botox in their office, is that an example of a selling concept or marketing concept? When they hold parties for patients in private homes? The answer to these questions depends on what the Botox is used for and the motivations of the doctors.When doctors are prescribi ng Botox for ocular problems, this would seem to be the marketing concept because they are focusing on the needs of the consumer. The same could be said for Botox cosmetic. Parties, however, seem to be different. Here the doctor’s motivation seems to be on selling a greater quantity of the product. That resembles the selling concept. This is not a focus on the needs of individual consumers as treating individual consumers in the office would be. The goal seems to be to increase revenues by cutting costs and serving multiple customers at once. . Apply the concepts of customer lifetime value and customer equity to Botox. How do doctors and Allergan improve the way they manage customer relationships? Because customers need an on-going series of treatments, Botox has the opportunity to provide lifetime value over and over. The value added will depend on how well Botox continues to work and aging consumers’ desire to appear young. The efficacy of Botox over time is a proble m for Allergan. At this point, no one knows how Botox treatments will work over a period of years. Will their effectiveness decrease?Are there side effects, unknown at this time, to continued use of Botox cosmetic? Eventually, consumers may be more willing to live with their wrinkles and/or tire of paying for Botox. One advantage that Allergan has is that many consumers may only recognize the Botox name with the result that loss of efficacy will not affect sales of other Allergan products. Consumers may be quite willing to buy other Allergan products even if they become disenchanted with Botox. The issue of efficacy affects equity. If the brand does not continue to work, it loses equity over time. Equity represents the brand’s share of the consumer.If Allergan built a strong corporate brand, it could have more equity with the consumer who buys a variety of Allergan products. On the other hand, having individual brands for various products avoids negative brand carryover. 5. H ow does Allergan connect with its customers (doctors)? How does it connect with final consumers? How does it connect with the world around it? What could it do to improve these connections? Doctors: Allergan has beefed up its sales force to increase promotion to doctors and developed clinics in which doctors are taught the appropriate use of Botox.Final Consumers: It has increased advertising to final consumers. Allergan has developed Web sites that target both doctors and consumers. This is especially the case for Botox. When one goes to the Botox Web site, one finds information for doctors (more technical information on the product and how to prescribe it) and information for final consumers including how to find a physician—especially important because final consumers cannot buy the product directly. The site for consumers shows results, give beauty tips, and is fairly interactive as consumers have the opportunity to participate in surveys and polls and view the results.Th e information is much less technical and much more oriented to appearance. Global: The Allergan Web site (www. allergan. com) first pops up asking the viewer to pick a country. Choices are France, the United States, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom and Canada. Although the Internet is a major means of promotion for Allergan and Botox stimulating demand from both consumers and doctors, Allergan seems to be making a major push primarily in the more economically advanced countries around the globe. This is logical for a company that has only recently begun to grow.It is far from saturating global markets and would do well to deal initially with more affluent markets as many of its products are expensive. To improve its connections, it could develop Web sites for more countries and cross-sell more products. A logical product extension might be skin care products. At present, it is suggesting the use of various types of skin care products, but it would seem that a line of Botox skin pr oducts would sell very well. This could increase the equity of the brand and strengthen the relationship with the consumer. Teaching SuggestionsIn assigning this case, ask students to read it and to think about the societal issue. Should a company market a product such as Botox for what some consider a seemingly frivolous use? This should stimulate students to begin thinking about the value of the product and the impact extension marketing of it has on consumers. In class, begin the discussion by asking students what they knew about Botox before they read the case. This should illustrate the value of publicity and also the potential for misunderstanding the product and naturally leads to questions about the value of the product—what it consists of and how that affects satisfaction.You might follow the order of the questions at the end of the case. When you get to the last question, go to the Web sites (www. allergan. com and www. Botoxcosmetic. com). Work through the Web site and focus on the differences in the â€Å"pitches† to final consumers and doctors. This will provide plenty of opportunity to discuss the stimulation of wants, relationship with customers, etc. At the end of the discussion, you might ask students how they feel about the extension promotion of Botox. Should it be heavily promoted for cosmetic purposes?Is doing so good for society? The class might even be divided in those who favor heavily promoting Botox and those who don’t to debate the issue. It’s important to emphasize the needs and wants of consumers as part of a social system. There is always an opportunity cost to buying Botox. If consumers are spending so much on it, what are they not buying? Should this product be promoted to consumers with incomes of $50,000 as opposed to $150,000. What is the spillover impact on consumers with lower incomes? Would that be detrimental to such consumers? Society?